Despite government’s efforts towards a HIV free nation, the country’s new infections are now at 25 percent which makes it the highest in HIV prevalence in the whole world. This is according to Baroane Phenethi, HIV and AIDS Communication Expert in the Ministry of Health, who says “Poor adherence has been one of the factors that has not only made Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) less effective but the Prep too, … and also lack of intensive education has been a major contributing factor.” Phenethi laments that while other countries may be, to a certain extent winning a battle against HIV, Lesotho continues to top the list of countries with the most HIV prevalence worldwide as its new infections keep increasing. A recent strategy that was introduced in the health system, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PREP), which was intended to help people at risk of HIV exposure to not become HIV positive by preventing the virus to penetrate CD4 cells walls is also said to have not been very effective for a number of reasons. He said: “Even though some service providers have made it a point that people get sufficient education on the use of Prep, it has been established that some are concentrating only on statistics, leaving people with little education on how the pill is to be taken, increasing the chances of their ineffectiveness.” To combat this, Phenethi explained, these service providers (which he did not name) have now been given shadow figures from the ministry to oversee their service provision process and do spot check every now and then. He has however highlighted that lack of intensive education has not been the only factor for poor adherence but intolerance to the medication’s side effects and unwillingness to commit. “It has also been established that some people who are at risk of HIV exposure lack the will to commit because they feel it is not fair for them to take anti-retroviral treatment when they do not have the virus,” he said. Information from Help Lesotho indicates that at least one in four people in Lesotho is living with HIV and over 300 000 living with the virus are women while there are 200 000 orphans most of which are due to the pandemic. Avert, an organisation working with issues of HIV and sexual health education released its findings in 2017 indicating that adult HIV prevalence was 23.8 percent at the ages between 15 and 49 while there were 15 000 new infections. It further mentioned a 49 000 AIDS related deaths at the time, 74 percent of adults and 60 percent of children. HIV in the country is said to be prevalent among the general population but particularly in certain groups such as women, sex workers, and men who have sex with other men. Lena